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等级:  初窥门径 |
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 MBA入学英语阅读精粹1 |
School authorities often refuse to face the problem: government drug-abuse agencies have done too little to inform the public about it; many physicians still seem unaware of it when they examine teenagers. As a result, parents may still be the last to know that their children have fallen victim to the drug epidemic that has been raging for more than a decade among American~ youth. In a 1980 survey of a middle-in-come Cincinnati suburb, 38 percent of the sixth grade and 89 percent of the senior class said they used drugs and/or alcohol; 48 percent of the parents thought their children used alcohol, but only 8 percent thought their children used drugs.
Fortunately, there is a new force at work against this epidemic______a nationwide movement of more than 400 parent groups formed to expose and battle drug use among teenagers and preteens. The groups,ranging in size from 15 members to more than 800, have different approaches and widely varying rates of success. Yet this parental crusade is the only major force in the country to have taken active, organized and effective steps aimed at stopping marijuana use.
Why do the parents put their concentration on marijuana? Because it is the illegal drug most used by kids. According to the 1982 National High School Senior Survey, 44 percent of U. S. high-school seniors had smoked pot during the year, and one out of seven of these were daily or near daily smokers.
Moreover, in 1982, sociologists Richard Clayton and Harwin Voss reported a close related connection between pot smoking and subsequent use of cocaine and heroin by young men. Of those who had smoked pot fewer than 100 times, seven percent had graduated to cocaine, four percent to heroin. But of those who had smoked pot at least 1000 times, the equivalent of once a day for those years, 73 percent had gone on to cocaine, and one out of three had graduated to heroin.
Parent groups have found that by stopping their kids from smoking pot, they almost automatically stop all other illegal drugs, and cut down on alcohol use as well. The High School Senior Survey statis-tics show that heavy pot smokers tend to be heavy drinkers, while those who do not use pot dont drink heavily.
Since virtually all over the country teenage "partying" has come to mean "getting smashed and get-ting stoned"
on anything from pot to pills to hashish, lSD, angel dust and alcohol some parent groups home in on the partying aspect. Parents Who Care(PWC) was started in November 1979 by 15 Palo Alto, Calif. , parents who were upset by stories of drugs senior proms. They held talk sessions with their children and learned, as founder Joanna Lundgren observed, that most of them had never been to a party where the main activity was not getting high.
The parentssolution: work shops showing kids how to give successful drug-and- alcohol-free parties.Says Margery Ranch, PWC director, "Were seen a change in attitude. Young people are feeling more comfortable while saying no."
1. What does "the problem" ( the first sentence of Para. 1 ) refer toy
[ A ] The fact that government drug-abuse organizations are reluctant to inform the public of the drug-taking phenomenon among teenagers.
[ B ] The fact that many doctors are ignorant of the drug-taking phenomenon among teenagers.
[ C ] The fact that many parents are ignorant of the drug-taking phenomenon among their children.
[ D ] The fact that many young people have yielded to the wide use of drugs.
2. What is the significance for the parents of young drug users to focus their efforts on pot smoking.
[ A] Marijuana is the illegal drug most used by kids.
B ] Pot smoking may directly lead to the use of cocaine and heroin by young people.
[ C ] The withdrawal from pot smoking contributes to abandoning other drugs.
[ D] This is the way they found effective to make contributions to society.
3. What method does PWC take to prevent their children from holding parties where they get completely intoxicated?
[ A ] Parents held talk sessions with their children in order to persuade them to give up pot smoking.
[ B ] PWC established workshops to help young people give drag-and-alcohol-free parties.
[ C ] PWC helped the school authorities set up workshops of this kind.
[ D ] They held talk sessions and invited experts to make lectures on how to give up drag- taking.
4. In the eyes of the author, the solution taken by the parents
[A] is not so fruitful [B] seems effective
[C] needs testing [D] is directed by government agencies
[参考译文及重点词汇再现]
学校当局(school authority)经常拒绝面对这样的问题：政府(government)控制药品滥用部门 (drug-abuseagency)的工作做得太少，没有告知(inform)公众(public)药品滥用这一问题；许多医生 (physician)在给青少年做体检时似乎仍然没有意识(unaware)到这个问题。结果，家长可能还是到最后才了解到：他们的孩子已经成为毒品泛滥(drug epidemic)的受害者(victim)，而毒品泛滥在美国青少年中一直盛行了十多年。根据一九八O年对辛辛那提市郊中等收入(middle-income)家庭所做的一次调查，百分之三十八的六年级学生以及百分之八十九的高年级学生说他们吸过毒，或饮过酒；百分之四十八的家长认为他们的孩子饮过酒(alcoho)，但只有百分之八的家长认为他们的孩子吸过毒。
幸运的是，在抵制(against)毒品泛滥的运动中，一股新型力量在起作用——四百多个家长团体倡导(form)在全国范围内发动一场揭露(expose)、反对(battle)青少年吸食毒品的运动。这些团体规模不等，有十五人一组的，有八百多人一体的，它们所采取的方法(approach)不同，成功率(rate of Success)也大不一样。不过，这场由家长发起的禁毒运动是美国为抵制大麻毒品而采取的积极、有组织和有效果(effective)的运动中的唯一一次大范围运动，该运动的目的(aim)是为了制止吸食大麻烟(marijuana)。
为什么家长注重(concentration)大麻炯呢?这是因为，大麻烟是青少年吸食最多的违禁药品。根据一九八二年刘•全美中学高年级学生所做的一项调查，一九八二年，百分之四十四的高年级学生吸食过大麻烟，其中七分之一的人每天或几乎每天都吸食。
此外，一九八二年，社会学家(sociologist)理查德•克莱顿和海文•沃斯在一份报告中指出，年轻人吸大麻烟(pot)与他们后来吸可卡因(cocaine)和海洛因(heroin)有密切的关系。在那些吸大麻烟不到一百次的人中，百分之七的人转变为吸可卡因，百分之四的人转变为吸海洛因。但在那些吸大麻烟至少一千次的人中，即在那些一天的吸食量相当于过去许多年吸食量的人中，百分之七十三的人继续吸可卡因，三分之一的人转为吸海洛因。
家长团体发现，由于禁止孩子吸大麻炯，他们几乎自动停止服用所有其他违禁药品(illegal drug)，也减少了饮酒的次数。对中学高年级学生所做的调查统计显示：吸大麻烟过量的学生往往会酗酒，而不吸大麻烟的学生则不酗酒。
实际上，由于全美青少年的“社交聚会”已经成为“喝醉酒和吸毒品的聚会”(吸食的毒品包括大麻烟、烟泡(pill)、印度大麻(hashish)、lSD和天使粉(angeldust)等)，所以，家长团体的注意力转向了社交聚会。一九七九年十一月，加州帕洛阿尔托市的十五名家长创建了PWC(关心毒品问题的家长)，这些家长对高年级学生聚会吸毒的故事十分反感。据发起人乔安娜•兰德格恩说，家长同孩子一起开讨论会，因此他们了解到：大多数孩子没去开一次聚会，聚会的主要活动也不是喝醉酒、吸过量毒品。
家长的解决办法是：开讨论会，向孩子们演示如何成功地举办没有毒品和酒的聚会。据PWC的主席玛格丽•伦茨说，“我们已经看到了态度(attitude．)上的改变。年轻人在拒绝毒品后感到更舒服了。”
[参考答案与详解]
1．“theproblem’(第一段第一句话)指的是什么?
[A)政府控制药品滥用部门不愿意告知公众青少年吸毒现象的事实。
[D)许多医生不了解青少年吸毒现象的事实。
[C)许多家长不了解孩子吸毒现象的事实。
[D]许多青少年大量吸毒的事实。
答案为D。这是一道细节题。题干中的信号词是“the problem”，出自文章第一段第一句话“School authorities often refuse tO face the problem：government drug-abuse agencies have done too littlet。inform the public about it…”中。文章第一段指出：学校当局经常拒绝面对这样的问题——政府控制药品滥用部门的工作做得太少，没有告知公众药品滥用这一问题；许多医生在给青少年做体检时似乎仍然没有意识到这个问题；结果，家长可能还是到最后才了解到——他们的孩子已经成为毒品泛滥的受害者，而毒品泛滥在美国青少年中一直盛行了十多年。由此可知：“th。problem"指的是毒品在美国青少年中泛滥的事实这个问题。D项中说“指的是许多青少年大量吸毒的事实”，这与文章的意思相符；A项、B项和C项三项之意都与文章的意思不符。
2．吸毒青少年的家长注重吸大麻烟的意义是什么?
[A)大麻烟是青少年吸食最多的违禁药品。
[B)吸大麻烟可能直接导致青少年吸可卡因和海洛因。
[引停止吸大麻烟会导致停止吸其他毒品。
[D]家长认为这是有效地为社会做贡献的方式。
答案为C。这是一道细节题。题干中的信号词是“focus their efforts on pot smoking’，出自文章第三段第一句话“Why do the parents put their concentration on marijuana?’中，只是说法有所改变。文章第三段第一、二句话指出：为什么家长注重大麻烟呢?这是因为，大麻烟是青少年吸食最多的违禁药品；第四段指出：社会学家在一份报告中指出，年轻人吸大麻烟与他们后来吸可卡因和海洛因有密切的关系；第五段指出：家长团体发现，由于禁止孩子吸大麻烟，他们几乎自动停止服用所有其他违禁药品，也减少了饮酒的次数。由此可知：家长注重吸大麻烟的意义是——如果孩子们停止吸大麻烟，他们也会自动停止吸其他毒品。C项中说“停止吸大麻烟会导致停止吸其他毒品”，这与文章的意思相符；A项之意是家长注重吸大麻烟的原因，并不是注重吸大麻烟的意义；文中只是“说吸大麻烟与他们后来吸可卡因和海洛因有密切的关系”，并没有说“吸大麻烟可能直接导致青少年吸可卡因和海洛因”，所以B项之意不对；文中没有提到D项之意。
3．为防止孩子举办完全痴醉的聚会，PWC采用了什么方法?
[A)家长与孩子一起开讨论会，以劝说孩子放弃吸大麻烟。
[B)PWC开办讨论会，帮助孩子举办不喝酒、不吸毒的聚会。
[C]PWC帮助学校当局开办这种讨论会。
[D]家长举办讨论会，邀请专家讲座介绍如何戒毒。
答案为B。这是一道细节题。文章最后一段指出：家长的解决办法是——开讨论会，向孩子们演示如何成功地举办没有毒品和酒的聚会。B项中说“PWC开办讨论会，帮助孩子举办不喝酒、不吸毒的聚会”，这与文章的意思相符；文章第六段指出：PWC的发起人乔安娜•兰德格恩说，家长同孩子一起开讨论会，他们了解到——大多数孩子没去开一次聚会，聚会的主要活动也不是喝醉酒、吸过量毒品；这说明A项之意不是PWC采用的方法；文中没有说C项和D项两项之意是PWC采用的方法。
4．根据作者的观点，家长采用的解决方法——。
[A)不是很有成效 [B)似乎有效
[C]需要检验 [D]由政府的滥用药品部门领导
答案为B。这是一道细节题。题干中的信号词是“solution”，出自文章最后一段第一句话“The parents’solution：work shops showing kids how to give successful drug-and—alcohol-freeparties．”中。
文章最后一段指出：家长的解决办法是——开讨论会，向孩子们演示如何成功地举办没有毒品和酒的聚会；PWC的主席玛格丽•伦茨认为，年轻人的态度在改变，他们在拒绝毒品后感到更舒服了。由此可知：作者认为，家长采用的解决方法可能产生了一定的效果。B项中说“似乎有效”，这与文章的意思相符；A项之意明显与文章的意思不符；文中没有提到C项和D项两项之意。
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2006-3-27 14:31:11
